Anna K.

China’s gallium licensing regime and U.S.-targeted ban exposed a fragile non-Chinese supply chain. Here is what buyers should watch before 2027 tightness.

China’s gallium controls since 2023 show how licensing, technology restrictions, and temporary suspensions keep Western defense and semiconductor buyers exposed.

A reality check on 12 China-independent critical mineral claims, separating investable resilience from narratives that still depend on Chinese processing.

Water, tailings, indigenous consent, and governance disputes are becoming core supply reliability risks for rare earth and critical mineral projects.

China’s rare earth and BeiDou supply chains sit behind both Israeli missile defense and Iranian strike capabilities, creating a hidden defense exposure.

MOFCOM Announcement 61 applies a 0.1% rare earth threshold to global supply chains. The pause to November 2026 delays enforcement, not the compliance risk.

China’s suspension of export controls on gallium, germanium, antimony, and superhard materials expires on November 27, 2026. Buyers need a plan before then.

Project Vault pairs a proposed $10B critical minerals stockpile with a 55-nation framework. The real test is scope, price support, and execution.

Ford’s 2025 Explorer production halt exposed how rare earth magnets, dysprosium, and terbium can turn a minerals constraint into an automotive shutdown.

The Pentagon’s equity push into rare earths and missile propulsion is reshaping critical minerals industrial policy, governance risk, and supply resilience.

Australia is using reserves, equity stakes, and offtake shifts to reduce dependence on Chinese rare earth, gallium, and antimony supply chains.

Albemarle’s Kemerton shutdown shows why Western lithium hydroxide refining remains structurally exposed to Chinese cost, scale, and demand advantages.

Ammonium perchlorate capacity, DPA Title III limits, and Pentagon financing now define a critical bottleneck in Western missile surge production.

India holds major rare earth reserves but still lags in mining, separation, and magnet capacity. Policy is moving faster than execution.

China’s rare earth dominance is built on processing, not geology. An in-depth look at reserves, refining control, export policy, and operational risks to…

The United States has 1.9M tonnes of rare earth reserves, but separation, metal, and magnet capacity still leave it exposed to China.

Greenland hosts major rare earth resources, but uranium politics, logistics, capital intensity, and permitting still block near-term production.

The DRC dominates cobalt mine supply but export quotas, artisanal flows, refining dependence, and buyer leverage limit durable pricing power.

The EU CRMA sets 2030 benchmarks for extraction, processing, and 25% recycling, but permitting, funding, and project execution are lagging.

The EU wants 15% rare earth recycling by 2030, but collection, separation, and magnet recovery capacity remain far behind the target.