Data Brief

The EU CRMA sets 2030 benchmarks for extraction, processing, and 25% recycling, but permitting, funding, and project execution are lagging.

China’s yttrium export controls are hitting aerospace and semiconductor supply chains, turning a niche rare earth into a visible bottleneck.

Myanmar disruptions and Chinese heavy rare earth controls are tightening dysprosium supply for EV motors, wind turbines, and defense magnets.

F-35 rare earth demand is measured in hundreds of kilograms across magnets, sensors, and power systems. The supply exposure still runs through China.

A 2026 ranking of non-Chinese gallium and germanium projects by readiness, capacity, defense relevance, and supply-chain risk.